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Name of different gram positive anaerobic bacteria

 

Name of different gram positive anaerobic bacteria. Discribe lab diagnosis of C. tetani.

  Ans :- Gram positive anaerobic bacteria are divided into two groups :-

                  Group 1- Causing wound Infection

ü  Clastridium perfringes

ü  Clastridium oedematies

ü  Clastridium bifermentation

ü  Clastridium histolyticum

ü  Clastridium tetani

                   Group 2- Causing Intestinal lesions.

ü  Perfringens type A2

ü  Enterotoxin

ü  Neeroticans

ü  Botulinum

v  Lab diagnosis of Tetanus :- Laboratory test are not frequent to diagnosis of tetanus. It is detected by sign and symptom , muscles , spam , pain etc . Laboratory test only help in confirmation.

                                        Lab diagnosis may be made by demonstration of c-tetani by microscopy , culture or by animal inoculation. Microscopic  examination shows drumstick bacilli in wound. The bacilli may be present in wound without tetanus and cant differentiate between clastridium tetani or clastridium tetanomorphum or clostridium sphenoides.

          1. The material from  necrotic depth of wound , then from wound swab is inoculated on one half of blood agar plate . Clostridium tetani produce swarinig in 1-2 days of growth. Which may detected by comparision.

          2. The material is also inoculated in three tubes containing cooking meat broth. One of the which is heated to 80 ˙c for 15 minutes ,. The 2nd for 5 minutes and third is not heated.

         → Heating is done to kill vegetative bacteria, while leaving undamaged tetani spore.

                Tube 1:- Give finding of spore containing bacilli.

                Tube 2:- Give finding of non- spore containing bacteria.

                Tube 3:- Is related to non- clostridial organism.

                   →  Tube is Incubated at 37˙c for 4 days and sub culture daily on one half of blood agar.

        3. Toxigenicity test :- It is done by innoculation  of 2-4 day Robert sun cooked meat culture in mouse through tail. If tetanus is present, stiffness of tail appear after 6 hour and the animal dies after 2 days.

v  Sign and symptom :- Spasm of jaw muscles by stiffness of the neck, diffically in swallowing and stiffiness of abdominal muscles.

     Other Sign:- fever , sweating , elevated blood pressure &rapid heart rate. Spasm after occur, which may be last for several minutes and certain for 3-4 weeks.

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