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Describe of diphtheria.

 

                                  Describe lab diagnosis of diphtheria.

Causative organism of diphtheria is coryn bacterium It is gram positive, non-motile, rod shaped, non-acid fast bacilli, non-sporing and pleomorphic. Average size Is 3 µ /0.3 µ.

1. Examination of throat swab or laryngcal swab for albert staining.

Ø  Prepare smear from throat swab or laryngeal swab.

Ø  Dry air and fix over flame.

Ø  Pour albert-I for 5-7 mints.

Ø  Blot anmd dry with the help of filter paper.

Ø  Add Albert-II stain keep it for 3-5 mints.

Ø  Wash under tap water.

Ø  Diptheria bacilli shows met achromatic dot two pole of bacillius.

2. Culture from throat swab or laryngeal swab on. Loefflers serom agar and Tellurite blood agar.

Ø  Loefflers serum agar shows gram positive bacilli with metachromatic granule in 6-8 hours.

Ø  Tellurite blood agar shows three diphtheria bacillius (Gravis, Intermedius, mitis)

Ø  Gravis shows Daisy head colonies.

Ø  Intermedius shows frog egg colonies.

Ø  Mitis shows poached egg colony.

3. Virulence test by animal inoculation. Either subcutaneously or intradermal.

Ø  Both emulsion of the culture on loefflers shope is emulsified in 2-5 ml both and 0.8ml of emulsion injected sub-cutaneously in two guinea pig. 1st Guniea pig gives 500units of antitoxin of C. diphtheria present, 2nd Guniea pig will die in 54 days.

4. Eleks gel preparation test.

5. Culture on HELA Cell line:- Bacteria is identified by death of cells on cell line.

6. Schick test :- Skin test 0.2 ml of diphtheria toxin injected intradermaly on left for arm and similar does of toxin inactivated by heating at 70 ˚c of 30 mints injection.

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