Skip to main content

Study of FNAC

                                                             FNAC

FNAC stands for “fine needle Aspiration cytology”. It is a method of cytopathoLogical examination.

          Modalities of FNAC:

Ø  Direct vision FNAC for superficial masses.

Ø  Computed tomography guided FNAC for deep seated masses. Such as intraabdominal organs, pelvic organs or masses in the brain substances.

         Method of FNAC performance:- 20ml of plastic disposable syringe with 21 gauge. Fine needle of variable length are used for aspiration.

                                    Tumour mass is fixed with one hand and with other hand aspiration is carried out. When needle enters tumour, plunger of syring is retracted to create a vaccum in barrel. The needle is moved to and fro for sevral times (10-15 times in different directions 3-4 directions.) The plunger is kept retracted during needle is drawn. Outside the tumour mass plunger is released, needle is disconnected and contents of barrel is discharged over a slide. Smear is prepared by pressing it with another slide and with drawing it in close contact. Smear is immediately fixed in 90% ethyl alcohol for 3-5 minutes. The smear is now ready for staining.

        Method of staining:

Ø  Wet fixed smear is stained by Papanicolauou method of H & E method.

Ø  Air dried smear is stained by May Grunewald – giemsa stain or Leishman stain.

Method of FNAC performance:- 20ml of plastic disposable syringe with 21 gauge. Fine needle of variable length are used for aspiration.

                                Tumour mass is fixed with one hand and with other hand aspiration is carred out. When needle enters tumour, plunger of syringe is retracted to create a vaccume in barrel. The needle is moved to and fro for sevral times (10-15)times in different directions (3-4 directions). The plunger is kept retracted during needle is drawn. Outside the tumour mass plunger is released, needle is disconnectedand contents of barrel is discharged over a slide. Smear is prepared by pressing it with another slide and with drawing it in close contact. Smear is immediately fixed in 90% ethyl alcohol for 3-5 minutes, The smear is now ready for staining.

Method of staining

1)      Wet fixed smear is stained by papanicolauou method of H&E method.

2)      Air dried smear is stained by may grunwald-Giemsa stain or Leishman stain.

Advantage of FNAC

1)      Aspiration is done by cytopathologiest himself who can interact with patient.

2)      Diagnistic basis is call pattern and moephology of group of cells.

3)      Nuclear characteristics and cytoplasmic characteristic are both available for diagnosis.

4)      It is quick, convenient economic and painless procedure.

5)      Local anaesthesia is not requirsd.

6)      The process can be attempted at multiple site.

7)      It is a good diagnostic aid for radiotherapy and chemotherapy.

Limitation of FNAC

1)      False negative result is possible due to

a)       Fibrosis and selerosis in tumour.

b)      Highly vaseular tumour.

c)       Tumour necrosis.

2)      Aspirated material may not be adequate for proper diagnosis.

Labels:

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

BIO MEDICAL WAST MANAGEMENT (BMW),

                                 BIO MEDICAL WAST MANAGEMENT (BMW) INTRODUCTION Biomedical or hospital waste refers to any waste generated while providing healthcare, performing research & undertaking investigations or related procedures on human beings or animals in hospitals, clinics, laboratories or similar establishments. Potential hazards : Biomedical waste is far more dangerous & offensive than domestic waste because. ·          It contains infectious or other hazardous materials that may injure, infect or otherwise harm patients, their   visitors, hospital personnel & the public at large in several ways. ·          It may contain sharps such as needle or broken glass, that can cause injury & infection, or harmful chemicals & radioactive materials. ·      ...
Post a Comment
Read more

HEMOGLOBIN

  HEMOGLOBIN ( Hb ) Hemoglobin is the most important component of red blood cells. It is composed of a protein called haem, which binds for carbon dioxide . Abnormilities of an individual’s hemoglobin value can indicate defects in the normal balance between red blood cell production and destruction. Both low and high values can indicate disease states. Hemoglobin is a protein in red lood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to the human body’s   tissues   & organs,it also carries carbon dioxide back to the lungs. Hemoglobin is a most important   component of RBC(red blood cells) and gives them their colour. How is hemoglobin measured ·          A hemoglobin test   measures the amount of hemoglobin in your blood. ·          This test is usully part of a complet blood count(CBC) ·          The amount of hemoglobin in whole b...
Post a Comment
Read more

Short name to Full name of Antibiotic name

  Short name to Full name of  Antibiotic name DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) cDNA (complementary DNA) RNA (ribonucleic acid) cRNA (complementary RNA) RNase (ribonuclease) DNase (deoxyribonuclease) rRNA (ribosomal RNA) mRNA (messenger RNA) tRNA (transfer RNA) AMP, ADP, ATP, dAMP, ddATP, and GTP, etc. (for the respective 5′ phosphates of adenosine and other nucleosides) (add 2′-, 3′-, or 5′- when needed for contrast) ATPase and dGTPase, etc. (adenosine triphosphatase and deoxyguanosine triphosphatase, etc.) NAD (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, oxidized) NADH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, reduced) NADP (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, reduced) NADP+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, oxidized) poly(A) and poly(dT), etc. (polyadenylic acid and polydeoxythymidylic acid, etc.) oligo(dT), etc. (oligodeoxythymidylic acid, etc.) ...
Post a Comment
Read more