STUDY OF VAGINAL INFECTION , FNAC & FNAC TECHNIQUE 

The Study of Vaginal infections involves a combination of physical Examination, Patient history, and cytological  Laboratory Twsting.

The Specific nature of the discharge and associated symptoms help distinguish between different types of vaginal infections.

Epithelium:- Infection by Trichomonas and candida Albicaus can be found out by this process. Trichomonas infections is characterized by vaginal cells with grey-blue cytoplasm and only visible nucleus. Epithelial cell showvariantion in size, shape and orientation.Nuclear cytoplasmic ratio is change. There is no hyper chromasia.

                                                                                                       Candida infections is characterized by presence of bundles of pink stain and unbranched hyphae along with this spores are also found. Spores are bright red in colour, Which have small round or oval outline,. If stained by Grams method, they are Gram positive.

 

Vaginal infections	Symptoms	Treatment
Bacterial Vaginosis(BV)	Abnormal vaginal Discharge	Oral or intravaginal metronidazole, or intravaginal clindamycin
Vulvovaginal Candidasis (VVC)	Symptoms include vaginal discharge, itching &burning	Antifungal medicine dailyfor upto 2 weeks, then 1 a week for 6 months
Trichomoniasis	One of the most common causes of vaginitis	Specific therapy is availavle

 

Other causes of vaginal infections, or vaginitis, includes : Atrophic vaginitis, lrritant vaginitis, Allergic vaginitis, & inflammatory vaginitis.

 

FNAC (Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology )

This is examination of deep seated lesion in the body with the help of fine needle.

This is done as an alternative to excisional biopsy for diagnosis of Tumour, Superficial Tumer mass can be ohtained under direct vision. Deep seated tumour in intra abdominal situration or in pelvic organs are aspirated by taking help of USG(Ultra Sonography)Technique or Computer Tomography.

 

 

FNAC  Technique

5 Ml plastic disposable syringe with 23 gauze, Fine needle is used for aspiration.

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Tumour Mask is fixed with one hand and needle is introduced in the mass with the other hand when needle enters tumor plungers of syringe is retracted to create a vaccum in the barrel.

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The needle Sis moved to any several times in different direction.

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If any tumour substance appear in the varrel of the syringe.

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Syringe is with drawnm needle is disconnected and contents of the barrel is popowred over a slide.

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Smear is drawn by apply another slide over it and by drying the slide across the smear.

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The smear is immediately fixed with in ether-Alcohal mixture after ½ hours.

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Mear can be stained by H.E Staining or Papanicolours stain and other stain.

                                                                                                                                      Such as MGG Stain.( may-Grunwald Geimsa Stain) or Leishmnan  Stain can be used. The main purpose of FNAC is diagnosis of tumor & Granuloma. Such as tuberculosis ans syphilis.

                                                                                                                                     Advantage of this technique is diagnosis with out operating, procedure linmitation of this test is failure to  obtain the tissue mass and small amount of material obtained.